The meeting aired on Zoom and on Xfinity Channel 18. It was also open to the public at the Sheraton. The district typically posts the recording split into segments the day after the meeting or Xfinity Channel 18 will often replay it.
Note: Our family schedule this fall does not make live blogging the meetings easy this year. This year’s meetings have been more routine than 2021-2022. So, I will be recording the meetings on Channel 18 and blogging them as my schedule allows on Wednesday evening and Thursday morning.
Call to Order
Roll Call
Note: The Channel 18 recording started after roll call. Attendance is based on my observations
Present: Johnson, Kelly, DuPree* (joining via Zoom audio in transit to Grand Rapids), Querijero, Lazarus, Gaynor
Not present: Baskett
Other Attendees: Swift, Osiniski, Cluley, Margolis, Chambers (Plante/Moran)
*In pervious meetings they have discussed the MASB meeting in Grand Rapids this week
Agenda
The Agenda is available on Board Docs. This is the approved agenda and will include any updates and results of any votes.
Motioned by Querijero, Seconded by Gaynor. Unanimously approved without discussion.
Public Commentary
As is our practice, we do not cover public commentary. There were 10 comments tonight each person got 4 minutes – all of which are on Board Docs.
Clarification
Swift: We appreciate everyone who has spoken this evening. We always appreciate members of our community – parents, staff, students – submitting comments We will follow up on middle school around spectators at sports and science olympiad.
Querijero: My comment is to Annie Williams. Thank you for identifying my wife as a commenter at the Michigan State School Board. She is an active parent, volunteer, PTO member, etc and utilizing her legal right to offer public commentary. I am happy to be supported by her.
National Native American History Month
Swift: November is National Native American History Month. It is important to notice that AAPS buildings are on native lands that were ceded as part of treaty of Detroit of 1807 and continue to be homeland of many indigenous people and recognize their contributions to AAPS. During November we especially explore and deepen collective awareness and understanding with exploring rich art, literature and cultural learning connections.
The full statement on National Native American Heritage Month can be found here.
Superintendent Update
Swift: Together we are making progress in supporting our students throughout this fall. Positive news this week is pediatric COVID vaccinations becoming available. I want to give a shoutout to Maliah, a Wines 5th grader whose mom shared a photo. Our schools are becoming safer with our 5-11 year olds joining the vaccinated. Appointments are available in the community. We work alongside MDHHS and will have clinics November 16 & 18. Pediatric vaccines and boosters are components in maintaining health on our campus.
King Elementary School
King was designated a National Blue Ribbon School this fall. They were also named in 2014. Community in 2019, Allen in 2017, and Angell and Wines in 2015.
Hiring
Several public commenters addressed this topic this evening. We are mostly staffed and are making progress. We have some openings in teacher and para educators particularly in special education. We continue to seek highly qualified candidates in high needs hourly worker positions. Those are the lack of candidates come through the door in child care, noon hour supervisors, custodial positions.
We have anAAPS job fair on November 17. More details here. Appointments will be scheduled via Zoom. We have 700 substitutes on the list, but only about 300 actively working this fall including 79 retired teachers and paras.
COVID Update
What we are seeing about COVID in our schools. We continue to work to keep transmission low. Case rates for Michigan and Washtenaw county have increased and remained high even as others see a decrease. Our school cases reflect the high level of community spread. Contact tracing continues 7 days a week. The team continues responsive screening testing for classes and schools with a concentration of cases. Just today they did testing at a middle school testing over 70 students and staff. Of course all student testing at school is done with parent consent.
Now that we move into cold and flu season we wanted to give some guidance. Respiratory illnesses are circulating. Our county is a state leader in flu vaccinations. But our flu vaccination are lower now than in 2019 and 2020. It is recommended for all ages 6 months and older. We encourage all to get the flu shot if they haven’t.
Masking is one of our Super 6 and it will help with COVID and other respiratory illnesses.
Vaccination Updates
Washtenaw County parents are way out in front. As of yesterday, the state rate of 5-11 yr olds who have initiated vaccination is1.7%, but in Washtenaw County. we are at 10% – dramatically outpacing the rest of the state.
AAPS is partnering with MDHHS for students 5-18 and family members. They will be administered by MDHHS. A parent or guardian must accompany students. A letter is being sent to parents and ask to sign up for an hourly slot. They estimate they can administer 80 vaccines in an hour. Clinics will be held in cafeteria at Huron and Pioneer. We’ll be sending out the dates and details. November 16, 18, 20, 23, and December 2 (if I got them right).
The UM Regional Alliance for Healthy Schools is also offering vaccine at Pathways to Success clinics and we’ll have a flyer on the district website.
It is a season for Winter Giving. Our efforts focus on making the season a little brighter with gift cards, warm clothing, other basic needs.
It is Veterans Day tomorrow and we pause to honor them.
Trustee Questions on Superintendent Update
Lazarus: Dr Swift will we be posting vaccine dates on the front page of website?
Swift: Yes, they will be posted, emailed, shared by social media.
Margolis: We will be sending tomorrow including a permission form and a link to hourly registration so we don’t get too clogged up in students and families coming. We’ll also have it translated.
Querijero: Will they return to their school?
Margolis: No it’s a google form and we have a bit.ly link in the document.
Querijero: But will families also get a paper form.
Margolis: They’ll get a paper form and there’s a QR code they can use for the permission form or they can use the paper.
Lazaurs: The location is Huron and Skyline?
Swift; Huron and Pioneer at this time.
Lazarus: So the community can understand why we’re having at a high school when it’s for little kids vs an elementary school.
Swift: These are MDHHS clinics working with that team. There is need to process larger groups and the need for a larger location.
Margolis: Space large enough and also close parking. We have used both for testing and other vaccination clinic so we know the layouts work. We will have extended vaccination at both to give more privacy as well.
Swift: Generally moving 75-80 cars in and out in an our requires space.
Querijero: These clinics will be maxed out at 240 vaccinations.
Swift; That is about right, they may be able to get a few more, but we’ll see how the first round goes
Margolis: We don’t want to overpromise. We’ll have about 300 vaccinations for each. If we have a line and have vaccines we will keep going and accept walkins.
Johnson: I want to congratulate King on the blue ribbon designation. I also am excited to see the number for buses. It’s been well documented and commented on. I think this is a testament that we can’t always fix it right away, but we do work on it and do what we can to fix it. Excited to see recruitment for teachers. The unfortunate situation is lots of districts have trouble with this. As we recruit, we’re pulling from other districts or teachers are moving back and forth. We need more people to get into education. I know that’s not overnight, but the pool of teachers is slowly getting more shallow. We can’t just throw money at the problem.
Swift: Thank you. We will keep working because it is hard work and in case we lose people.
Annual Financial Audit Report
Materials from the presentation can be found on BoardDocs.
Audit update provided by Plante/Moran. I want to applaud members of Finance Committee through the pandemic often meeting multiple times a month and bringing items to the full board. This report runs through June 30, 2021. I appreciate everyone being very thorough in oversight. Behind the scenes, I’d like to thank Ms Minnick and the finance team. They often worked in person to make sure salaries were paid, budget was balanced, etc. The environment continues to constantly change.
The opinion you’ll receive from Plante/Moran is the highest level that a public school district can receive. I’m proud of that.
Thank you to our community for your support through millages and other ways for the fiscal resources we’ve been trusted with.
Chambers: All Michigan school districts are required to have an annual audit. We have rendered an unmodified or clean opinion. Of the federal programs, we selected three grants Coronavirus Relief Funds (CRF), ESSER, Special Education and had no findings or questioned costs.
Some highlights and challenges from a finance perspective,
- Highlights
- $20 million in current capital investments with $16.7 million from the 2019 Bond
- Sinking Fund millage continues to be critical with $19.6 million
- Emergency COVID federal grant funding of $10.56 million with more coming in the next 2-3 years
- Challenges
- Pandemic – remote learning, additional costs to equip buildings
- Balancing staff and services with fiscal responsibility that is highly dependent on state funding
- Influx of short term grant funds
- Impact of one-time fund sources
Check the presentation on Board Docs for details on the financial details.
The percent variance from amended budget to actual is 0.64% in revenue and expenditure of -0.02%. Fund balance as a % of expenditure is 8.2% or 8.1% of revenue. State has requirements for additional reporting and monitoring when fund balance drops below 5%. The fund balance represents 30 days of operation.
Looking at General Fund Balance over last 10 years:
- From 2016-2019 there was a utilization of fund balance
- Increased since 2019.
- While total number is the highest ever, expenses are also higher. As a percentage it has been fairly consistent in % since 2016
There are times when the district doesn’t get money or lag in state funding, so fund balance helps with cash flow..
State average is 15.9% of fund balance. 15% is often recommended as a target.
Foundation Allowance is biggest component of general fund revenue and comes from per pupil allowance and enrollment at 63%. 18% from grant funds. 12% from state retirement pass through and 7% from county special education millage.
Expected per pupil for 2021-2022 is just shy of where we were in 2008-2009 before cuts were made. Enrollment has declined slightly since 2018-2019. The 2020-2021 budget used a super blend one year only.
Plante/Moran switched presenters, but I didn’t get the second presenters name.
Salaries and benefits represent 75% of expenditures. Of that, 88% is for instruction and instructional support staff.
Overall, district is operating with fiscal responsibility. Cost containment and improved efficiencies need to continue.
Swift: See the list of COVID specific expenses in this document. A few examples are additional cleaning, facility modifications for COVID, extra staff hours for contact tracing and other activities, tech hardware and software licenses..
Trustee Questions on Audit
Lazarus: I’ll be brief. First, I want to thank Jill, Dr Swift, and their team a round of applause for working hard to get a clean audit.
On slide #11, this is the slide that gives me heartburn. It is the change in the foundation allowance. (Editor note, the version presented shows a different zoom level that makes the changes more obvious than the version on BoardDocs – $8600-9800 vs $0-10K ).. We are doing so much more with this money.
Querijero: Thank you for the clear report. I have a question on Slide 17 (Michigan Public Schools Employees Retirement Contributions) and how it relates to 14. The bottom part vs the top park. The top comes from the state pass through on Slide 14 ,the bottom comes from the 75% in wages and salary on slide 14?
Chambers: Yes
Querijero: On Slide 20 (shows comparison of Fund Balance as. percentage of expenditures vs other districts). The state average was like 15.3%. As I look at slide 20, Rochester, Troy, Plymouth-Canton are similar in size and the closest to us basically doubles us. Can you enlighten me what that says considering our fiscal responsibility came back clean? I’m trying to understand what that percentage means. If we’re comparing ourselves, what we can interpret but it seems we spend closer to the number we’re supposed to.
Johnson: Can I add on? It looks like we’ve been hovering around 8%. Are the others staying about the same too?
Chambers: Fund balance is an interesting topic. There is a lot that goes into what is an appropriate level for any district. What we can say is it is an individual district decision. Ann Arbor has a target range of what they’ve determined an acceptable level. From a trend, the state number has incrementally increased over the last few years. It speaks to steps the state has taken for lower funded districts. I think that’s part of the overall upward trend.
The clean opinion is from an audit perspective – are the numbers correct – vs a management decision.
Swit: The policy a few years ago was changed to a range and I believe it is 6-15%. That’s what our policy says. Previously, it said 15% if I recall. It was changed. after the 2008 because we knew we would be in the range.
Querijero: While 8% may seem risky from a data perspective, we were able to stay clean at the lower percent which says we are managing it responsibly.
Lazarus: May I add something here. Since I’ve been on the Board we’ve had discussion of what is the right amount. The question is do we save it, keep it without spending it, or spend it to improve student experience. We do it with resources on the student experience. That’s why it’s up to individual districts. Some districts want a large number. Some need a lower number.
Johnson: But it’s your risk tolerance. Some districts would rather cut back and have less risk. I hear fund balance and I don’t think of it in terms of expenditure. We are spending a lot of money on staff competitively paid and other funding we have that allows us to invest in infrastructure. The range was voted on and put in policy before I joined the board. As a district we take on more risk to create the educational environment word.
Minnick: I also wasn’t here when the policy was set. We are fortunate to have sinking fund and bond programs and may have contributed to decision to operate at lower fund balance. Without those it would put more pressure on general fund. I have not researched their policy. They may not be within board policy range. My guess is their policies contribute to where their fund balances lie.
Kelly: To summarize, I came on before we had such a large sinking fund bond. I remember the late night video clips of building roofs blowing in wind and catastrophic building issues we were facing. I’m grateful trustees put it on the ballot and community for voting for it. I’m more comfortable with a fund balance where we are with those funds available.
The first question is I appreciate seeing you back every year and the continuity helps me compare year to year. Can you give a quick primer that you are providing a 3rd party audit even though you are our regulars every year.
Chambers: From an auditor perspective, to balance continuity of team, the profession establishes independence standards and when people are involved year to year. Our check and balance is the last reviewer is an independent reviewer without the relationship. As a firm, annually we have to assess our independence and have peer review every couple of years.
Kelly: I’d like more explanation on CRF, ESSER study. What are you looking for?
Chambers: We look at compliance requirements of the individual grants. We work against those to inspect documents, actions to ensure it was spent in compliance and comply with all the federal strings.
Kelly: Yes, that money is highly regulated. Through your work we’re ensuring we are following all the rules.
Kelly: Slide 11 (foundation allowance) seems to be popular tonight. Are these dollars adjusted for inflation or are these plain dollars. We’re saying we’re back to 2008/2009 numbers.
Chambers: No
Kelly: Can you tell us where we would be if they were.
Chambers: No, but it would be quite different.
Swift (I think); We used to play with that and it was a great thought experiment
Minnick: I have prepared those in the past for other purposes.
Kelly: I know in some point it won’t be practical to drop 08/09 from the slide, But I think for now it tells the story of what has happened to funding for education. If we cut those off, it would look like we’re doing great
One more question: Slide 14 (General Fund expenditures pie chart) – In the gold color of purchased sessions it was referred to as money for people. With custodial, transportation it is, but with software licenses aren’t people and can be a tension between software replacing people int he classroom. Do you have a further breakdown of people vs software.
Plante/Moran: We talked about this before the presentation. The purchased services bucket is prescribed by the state. A portion was purely related to people cost like custodial ($6.2 million), Durham ($6.6 millions), EduStaff ($2.6 million) – about $15 million of the $33 million is people costs.
Swift: In the spring we do present all the software costs.
Kelly: Absolutely. It’s just a tension between people and tools. In the community we’re having a discussion around living wages. It’s important to see overall how much of our budget is wages.
Gaynor: Kelly, I’ll say it’s not a major topic for our budget and save it for later. About teacher salaries, in light of funding we’ve had inMichigan, teachers aren’t getting enough. I also mention in terms of our fund balance. And we’ve decided not to put our fund balance at 15% because we wanted to do what we could against that.
Johnson: I have a couple questions too. Slide 9 (Net change in Fund Balance). Thank you for this and the impact of different onetime funds as listed. When I started on the board we were at the negative fund balance change. To make sure we’re clear, we had a couple years in 2017/2018. And in 2020, 2021 we had a pandemic, from the outside someone might say you didn’t have to spend as much money. As I look at positive change in fund balance, how confident it is that it is because we’re operating more efficiently as opposed to one time or short term funding.
Minnick: I think it’ll be important to understand influences on 2021 as we move forward. In just one monthly monitoring report we’ve had some anomalies and changes. It’ll be tricky to understand all the variables and how they’ve contributed to net change. The types of expenditures we’ve had in 2021, there will be some COVID related expenditures we can eliminate, but there will be some we can’t shed for awhile. We need to be able to accommodate the new norm to support instruction and keep staff and students safe.
Swift: I appreciate you coming back to this slide. It can be unnerving to us. If Trustee Nelson would point out that one use of fund balance is to navigate low years. There were years we don’t want to repeat all the time. In 2015 we sold things to generate funds for district, but in 2017 we spent it. Its the idea of having intention around how much fund balance we have.. When the 2008 cuts happened, many districts had to lay off staff in December. We didn’t have to.
Johnson: This is a net change not a value of fund balance. The final comment I’ll make is on page 8 & 9 and think of the times we’re experiencing with so many demands to do different things. It’s important to remember we’re not a penny pinching district who doesn’t want to invest. But at the same time, that 5% fund balance gets ugly. We can absorb some risk with other funds, but need to be responsible. Sometimes I wish there was a lay person version of this. If you’re going to have to commit to pay for something for 10 years, we can’t do that with one time/short term funds.
First Briefing
Annex An-2064 Menstruation and Personal Product Dispensers and Supplies Purchase
Swift: Ms Margolis is coming to the podium. We are moving in the direction of providing products in our restrooms. As trustees now city council is considering an ordinance that would require provision of these supplies. If the board should approve, we will be installing dispensers over winter break sot hey are back when we return after New Years. We can pay for dispensers out of bond, with supplies by general fund.
It does include elementary, middle, and high school and other buildings. Equipping 280 restrooms.
Trustee Questions
Kelly: I’m happy this is going. I haven’t been following city council agenda as closely as. I should. Will we be pursing even if they don’t’ pass their resolution.
Swift: That is our intention.
Kelly: I would support that. Reading through the menu, I understand the products include toilet paper, soap, tampons & menstrual pads. Toilet paper and soap are in all bathrooms anyway right. In the second paragraph it talks about them being in women’s, gender neutral, and unisex bathrooms throughout the district. I want to make sure people who use men’s bathrooms will have soap. Very important.
Swift: Yes, it’s just the women’s, gender neutral, and unisex that will have the mensuration products.
Kelly: They’ll be free? They won’t have like a quarter oeprated thing?
Swift: Yes, not like the older ones some of us remember
Kelly: I think it’s long overdue and happy to support.
Lazarus: Ms Margolis although we’ll have these in the restrooms will we continue to provide these at the nurse station or in offices.
Margolis: One is a small kit in nurses station and offices as we do now.
Swift: We won’t stop the central location.
Lazarus: This is a good move for the district. These won’t be put in for transgender using bathroom they identify as. We won’t have in male bathrooms, but unisex.
Swift: Correct.
Second Briefing
Annex AN-2062 Lexia Reading License Middle School & Limited High School
Swift: We did go back and have good conversation on more specificity of use of Lexia in the secodnary schools. Trustees as I shared by emails and attached, the additional information. I know Ms Linden and Ms Anderson are standing by if ther are questions.
Trustee Questions
Gaynor: I appreciate the intent of the software and making sure we have resources for teachers. I reached out to teachers and several said it helps them manage their classrooms better to work with smaller groups while students are on the computer. I know we made sure content is age appropriate and culturally relative. As much as I’ve ben an advocate of early use o technology, I also have concerns about blended learning with student one on one on the computer. And kids are used to the digital environment and it becomes mindless clicking. That easy to use software isn’t as valuable. I’ve gotten some feedback from some teachers who like it and other who are upset about trends. Ms Linden has been clear this isn’t a program for all students but those with literacy learning needs. I was appreciative that we could try out the program. My experience is it didn’t provide valuable skills, I know their research shows test scores improved. But that seems to be true about what the program/test measures and not about outside reading. I haven’t seen enough value and in some way seem it as vaccuous type of setting, so I won’t approve.
Kelly: My family has extensive experience with best research based teaching students with Lexia and I tested it with my middle schooler who is not my dyslexic student. But what I didn’t like is it was clearly using modules that are so specific to what children with dyslexia need. It is not a learning method all teachers have access to, but those familiar with open and closed symbols. Those are skills taught in beginning remediation for students with dyslexia. But it was presented in a way that didn’t bore or diminish my 7th grader. The content was interesting to my son. I know we’re not replacing books with paper. I appreciate that it would help district build capacity around access to high low material – high interest, high maturity, low skills. I’m in favor of adding as a tool to our tool box. I would struggle if it was intended to be used alone. But. don’t think it was designed to be used alone. I don’t think we have studies that show improvement when used alone. But as a supplement I’m in favor.
What I would like to ask is that at some point we get to see the bigger picture of remediation and recovery.
Swift: I appreciate your remarks. Particularly as we move through this year, we’ll want to evaluate where we are. Our radar is high to make sure we’re catching any issues. Maybe spring would be a good time to delve into what literacy plan is and should be.
Linden: I need to thank Kelly & Gaynor for digging in and experiencing the tool. These are important decisions we’re making for students. This is a response to our intervention teachers asking for tools like this. The cost effectiveness of a site license means any student can use it. We are purchasing this for about a year and a half, not long erm to give our teachers time to dig in. There are elements for both engaging together and independent work in response.
Kelly: There is a package of bills in Lansing about identifying dyslexia and services. I’m curious f there is anything that will suggest tools that this could fill or is there a risk we’d need a similar tool to meet those.
Linden: We do know these bills will usually accompany recommended tools and they look at the same studies we look at. For example 3rd grade reading law we use Lexia for elementary and that is on the MDE recommended list. I anticipate this will be there as well.
Swift; And Mr Comsa reminds me to say bills can change until they are passed.
Johnson: I will be voting in favor of this for a few reasons. When we had to endure a year of remote and virtual school we acknowledged that being in person in ideal in normal circumstances. We understood there could be a loss experienced. This addresses the essential learning loss. It is why I like it. It is short term and addresses that specific issue. Secondly, I trust our teachers. We had intervention teachers who requested this. I trust them to use it appropriately. It is one tool in.a toolbox.
Gaynor: Read 180 was a previous tool and when they started using it was perceived to be a failure. But I understand intervention teachers had one training session.
Johnson: If we do pass it, we will have the chance to evaluate it. If we don’t we don’t have that chance.
Consent Agenda
- Approve AN-2062 Lexia Reading License – Middle School & Limited High School
- Approve Minutes from the Regular meeting October 27, 2021
Gaynor: I’d like to move to separate the items.
Johnson: We don’t need a motion to do that. We can just do them separately
Motion to approve Annex AN-2062 by Querijero, seconded by Kelly. No discussion. Yes – Querijero, Kely, Lazarus, Johnson, DuPree. No – Gaynor.
Motion to approve minutes by Gaynor. Seconded by Lazarus. No discussion. Motion carries unanimously.
Board Action
Motion to Accept the 2020-2021 Annual Financial Audit by Lazarus seconded by Gaynor. No discussion. Motion carries unanimously.
Motion to Approve Memos of Agreement
Swift: This is a result of the work of Mr Comsa and leaders of employee agreement. This is to provide a fall 2021 non-recurring 2% one time payment to be made during December for full-time staff. The challenges of returning to in person learning make it hard to retain quality staff moving forward. This is a small token of our gratitude for the hard work. It is about $4.9 million total, but I believe our staff represent the quality we are. We all wish it could be for more.
Johnson: I am recusing myself from discussion and voting as I have a spouse who works for the district.
Gaynor: Thank you for keeping us apprised of the negotiations. I understand the need for confidentiality in the negotiations. I have a question, This will be new to the community. There hasn’t been announcement to the community. Why don’t the public have notice?
Swift: I should have addressed that in my introduction. With employment contracts, these are not items negotiated or get input from the public other than ways they normally give us input. We’ve had a lot of feedback about the importance of supporting staff and recruiting them. On matters of negotiation and contracts, that is on you.
Gaynor: So this is the same process as any contract negotaition.
Swift: Yes.
Lazarus: Our teachers are the bulk f our budget. This is something related. toCOVID recover. The teachers and staff are important to the success f our district and a wonderful use of our COVID relief and ESSER funds.
Gaynor: When we say teachers, we mean all the people in these groups.
Swift: Yes 6 employee groups.
Kelly: I just love that these are called memos of agreement. Agreement is the way the individuals and the groups have worked so well to figure out what it means to school in a pandemic. There have been hours beyond what they do in teh classroom or for their families. I am grateful or their time in the classroom, bargaining table, etc.
Querijero: I’m in 100% support. I would say as a teacher myself I would say the patience our teachers have had with students and community at large. I am so happy to see it. I’m happy to see it right before the holidays. I know its a small amount and very little for what they do.
Motion by Gaynor supported by by Lazarus. No further discussion. Motion passes unanimously with Johnson abstaining.
Johnson: Thank you for passing that motion. I echo what everyone said. In these tough times, we acknowledge that teachers are people.
Items for Agenda Planning
Gaynor: I want to second Trustee Kelly’s earlier request for a review of our literacy efforts.
Querijero: A way to open up discussion availability of OER (open education resources). It’s not just cost savings, but a professional development capacity to collaborate on materials. It is a big advantage in those areas.
Items from the Board
Kelly: I want to thank Baskett and DuPree because they are representing us as delegates at MASB and couldn’t be here. And Trustee Lazarus who will be traveling to join them.
Johnson: I’d like to share African American Cultural Historical Museum. I went on a tour led by their museum and Community HS teachers where we learned about Abolitionist history of Washtenaw County and landmarks we walk around every day. There’s a parking garage that talks about abolitionist movement in Ann Arbor. As someone from the area who remembers going on Underground Railroad tour, it was eyeopening. I urge others to participate.
Adjourn
Motion by Kelly to adjourn by voice vote. Seconded. by Querijero. Carries unanimously. Meeting adjourned.
